Population Genetic Analysis of a Bread Wheat Panel from Northern and Huang-Huai Agro-Ecological Regions in China

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most extensively cultivated cereal crops around world. Here, we investigated population structure and genetic diversity a panel mainly originated from two agro-ecological regions (northern winter region, NW; Huang-Huai River Valley’s facultative HH) in China based on 15K SNP array. Population analysis revealed that optimal number (K) was three, three groups were roughly related to ecological regions, including NW (mainly Hebei), HH1 (Henan-Shaanxi), HH2 (Shandong). Within HH, had higher nucleotide (π = 0.31167), minor allele frequency (MAF 0.2663), polymorphism information content (PIC 0.2668), expected heterozygosity (Hexp 0.3346) than HH2. Furthermore, our results demonstrated decreases with advancement breeding. Finally, inference ancestry informative markers indicated genomes pure provinces (Hebei, Henan, Shandong) have genomic different mosaic patterns derived landrace groups. These findings may facilitate development breeding strategies target novel desired alleles future.